The identification number assigned by CAS. In some cases, isomers are included separately in this database.Ī scheme that classifies compounds according to broad and specific categories such as inorganic (cations and anions), organic (broad types, compounds, functional groups, and heteroatoms), ligands and ligand centers, and other classes. Information is first given on the conditions of the XPS experiment, including whether an X-ray monochromator was used, the excitation energy (indicated by the anode material if X-ray tube was used or a photon energy from a synchrotron-radiation source), and the overall energy resolution. Information is then provided on how the binding-energy scale was calibrated. In most measurements, strong lines of certain metals were used to calibrate the binding-energy scale. Gold, silver, and copper are most frequently used as calibrants, and the following binding energies have been used as reference data: Au 4f 7/2=84.00 eV, Ag 3d 5/2=368.27 eV, and Cu 2p 3/2=932.67 eV. If these lines were used for calibration, the symbols Au, Ag, or Cu indicate the respective lines.
If an author used other values for these reference energies, the reported binding energies were adjusted to correspond to the reference energies, the reported binding energies were adjusted to correspond to the reference energies listed here. The carbon 1s line (for hydrocarbon or hydrocarbon groups) have also been used to calibrate the binding-energy scale for XPS measurements with non-conducting specimens a binding energy of 284.8 eV has been assumed for this purpose. All energies are referred to the Fermi level. Ordinarily, values are shown to tenths of an eV, with some quoted to hyndredths of an eV. Beamson have recently reported slightly revised binding energies for the calibrant lines of gold, silver and copper (Au 4f 7/2=83.96 eV, Ag 3d 5/2=368.21 eV, and Cu 2p 3/2=932.62 eV for monochromatic Al K X-rays and values differing by up to 0.01 eV for unmoncochromated Al K and Mg K X-rays).
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